Rheumatoid Arthritis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel of the wrist. CTS is frequently observed in patients with autoimmune or chronic inflammatory conditions, especially inflammatory joint diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to joint degradation, characterized by pain, stiffness, and swelling in synovial joints.
Objective: CTS and RA are both distinct conditions, but in some cases, CTS may arise from inflammatory processes linked to RA. In this scoping review, we evaluate the core connection between the diseases. An increase in pressure in the carpal tunnel, leading to median nerve compression, can serve as a clinical manifestation of RA.
Key findings: Chronic RA may lead to histopathological changes in tendons of the carpal tunnel, causing inflammation and fluid buildup in the synovium of the tendons. Due to structural and inflammatory changes in the carpal tunnel associated with chronic RA, timely clinical evaluation for diagnosing CTS is essential.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the significance of identifying RA risk in CTS patients and the necessity for timely referral to rheumatology, reflecting substantial concern. Improving early identification and encouraging ongoing research will be crucial for improved patient outcomes.